Κάργκιλ

Κάργκιλ
	Κάργκιλ 34°33′34″N 76°7′32″E
Χώρα	Ινδία
Διοικητική υπαγωγή	Kargil district
Ίδρυση	1 Ιουλίου 1979
Έκταση	14.086 km²
Υψόμετρο	2.676 μέτρα
Ταχ. κωδ.	194103
Τηλ. κωδ.	1985
Ζώνη ώρας	UTC+05:30
Ιστότοπος	Επίσημος ιστότοπος
	Σχετικά πολυμέσα
	δεδομένα (π • σ • ε )

Το Κάργκιλ (αγγλικά: Kargil)^[1] είναι μια πόλη στην ινδική πολιτεία του Λαντάχ, στην αμφισβητούμενη περιοχή του Κασμίρ.^[2]^[3] Είναι η κοινή πρωτεύουσα του Λαντάχ, στην Ινδία. Είναι η δεύτερη μεγαλύτερη πόλη του Λαντάχ μετά το Λε.^[4] Το Κάργκιλ βρίσκεται ανατολικά του Σριναγκάρ στο Τζαμού και Κασμίρ, και 234 χιλιόμετρα (145 μίλια) δυτικά του Λε. Βρίσκεται στην όχθη του ποταμού Σουρού κοντά στην συγχώνευση του με το ποταμό Γουάχα Ρονγκ, το τελευταίο παρέχοντας την πιο προσβάσιμη διαδρομή προς το Λε.^[5]

Παραπομπές[Επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]

↑ Kerin, Melissa R. (2015). Art and Devotion at a Buddhist Temple in the Indian Himalaya. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01309-5.
↑ The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (e), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below).

(a) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent, ανακτήθηκε στις 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";

(b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin, ανακτήθηκε στις 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";

(c) «Kashmir», Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, σελ. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6, https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";

(d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, σελ. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."

(e) Talbot, Ian (2016), A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, σελ. 28–29, ISBN 978-0-300-19694-8, https://books.google.com/books?id=eNg_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";

(f) Skutsch, Carl (2015), «China: Border War with India, 1962», στο: Ciment, James, επιμ., Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II (2nd έκδοση), London and New York: Routledge, σελ. 573, ISBN 978-0-7656-8005-1

(g) Clary, Christopher (30 March 2024), The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, σελ. 109, ISBN 9780197638408

(h) Bose, Sumantra (2009), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, σελ. 294, 291, 293, ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC&pg=PA294 Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."

(i) Fisher, Michael H. (2018), An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, σελ. 166, ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2, https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";

(j) Snedden, Christopher (2015), Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press, σελ. 10, ISBN 978-1-84904-621-3, https://books.google.com/books?id=5amKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."
↑ Cunningham, Ladak (1854).
↑ Osada et al (2000), p. 298.
↑ Rizvi, Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia (1996).

Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι[Επεξεργασία | επεξεργασία κώδικα]

Πολυμέσα σχετικά με το θέμα Kargil στο Wikimedia Commons

[1] Kerin, Melissa R. (2015). Art and Devotion at a Buddhist Temple in the Indian Himalaya. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01309-5.

[tertiary-kashmir-2] The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (e), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below).

(a) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent, ανακτήθηκε στις 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";

(b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin, ανακτήθηκε στις 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";

(c) «Kashmir», Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, σελ. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6, https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";

(d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, σελ. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."

(e) Talbot, Ian (2016), A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, σελ. 28–29, ISBN 978-0-300-19694-8, https://books.google.com/books?id=eNg_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";

(f) Skutsch, Carl (2015), «China: Border War with India, 1962», στο: Ciment, James, επιμ., Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II (2nd έκδοση), London and New York: Routledge, σελ. 573, ISBN 978-0-7656-8005-1

(g) Clary, Christopher (30 March 2024), The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, σελ. 109, ISBN 9780197638408

(h) Bose, Sumantra (2009), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, σελ. 294, 291, 293, ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC&pg=PA294 Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."

(i) Fisher, Michael H. (2018), An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, σελ. 166, ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2, https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";

(j) Snedden, Christopher (2015), Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press, σελ. 10, ISBN 978-1-84904-621-3, https://books.google.com/books?id=5amKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."

[FOOTNOTECunningham,_Ladak1854-3] Cunningham, Ladak (1854).

[4] Osada et al (2000), p. 298.

[FOOTNOTERizvi,_Ladakh:_Crossroads_of_High_Asia1996-5] Rizvi, Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia (1996).

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