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Δεξιός Τομέας

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Δεξιός Τομέας
Правий сектор
ΗγέτηςΑντρέι Ταρασένκο[1]
ΊδρυσηΟργάνωση:
Νοέμβριος 2013
Πολιτικό κόμμα:
22 Μαΐου 2014
ΈδραΚίεβο, Ουκρανία
ΠαραστρατιωτικόςΕθελοντές Ουκρανικό Σώμα (ανεπίσημη)
Μέλη10,000
ΙδεολογίαΟυκρανικός εθνικισμός[2][3]
Θρησκευτικός συντηρητισμός[4]
Αντικομουνισμός
Ευρωσκεπτικισμός
Πολιτικό φάσμαΔεξιά[5]
Ακροδεξιά[3]
ΣύνθημαΘεός! Ουκρανία! Ελευθερία![6]
Βερχόβνα Ράντα
0 / 450
Περιφέρειες (2015)[7]
2 / 158.399
Σημαία κόμματος
Ιστότοπος
pravyysektor.info
Πολιτικό σύστημα Ουκρανίας
Πολιτικά κόμματα
Εκλογές

Ο Δεξιός Τομέας (ουκρανικά: Правий сектор) είναι Ουκρανικό πολιτικό κόμμα και κίνημα. Ξεκίνησε το Νοέμβριο του 2013 ως παραστρατιωτική συνομοσπονδία αρκετών εθνικιστικών οργανώσεων στην εξέγερση του Euromaidan στο Κίεβο, όπου ταραχοποιοί του συμμετείχαν σε οδομαχίες και συγκρούσεις με την αστυνομία.[8][9] Ο συνασπισμός έγινε πολιτικό κόμμα στις 22 Μαρτίου 2014, οπότε ισχυρίστηκε ότι διέθετε περίπου 10.000 μέλη.[10][11]

Ονομασία

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Η ονομασία της οργάνωσης στα ουκρανικά είναι Правий сектор, το οποίο μπορεί να μεταγραφεί ως Πράβι Σέκτορ και να μεταφραστεί ως Δεξιός Τομέας. (Τα μέσα μαζικής ενημέρωσης συχνά το μεταγράφουν ως Πράβι Σέκτορ ή Πράβιι Σέκτορ.) Η ονομασία προέρχεται από την προσπάθεια της ομάδας να προστατεύσει τη δεξιά παράταξη των διαδηλωτών του Euromaidan κατά τη διάρκεια των διαμαρτυριών.[12]

Συστατικές ομάδες

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Οι ακαδημαϊκές πηγές και οι πηγές των μέσων ενημέρωσης περιέγραψαν μερικές από τις συστατικές ομάδες του Δεξιού Τομέα, ως εθνικιστικές,[13][14] υπερεθνικιστικές,[15][16] νεοφασιστικές,[17] νεοναζιστικές,[15][18] ακροδεξιές,[19][20] υπερσυντηρητικές,[21] ή παραστρατιωτικές. Μια πλειονότητα ή πλειοψηφία των μελών του Δεξιού Τομέα ανήκουν σε οπαδούς ποδοσφαίρου[22][23][24] ή δεν έχουν συγκεκριμένη υπαγωγή.

Παραπομπές

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  1. ↑ Right Sector declares ambitious plans to partake in elections, UNIAN (23 March 2016)
    (Ουκρανικά) "Right Sector" elected new chairman, Ukrayinska Pravda (19 March 2016)
  2. ↑ «Profile: Ukraine's ultra-nationalist Right Sector». BBC. 28 April 2014. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27173857. Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 March 2015. 
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2014). «Ukraine». Parties and Elections in Europe. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 12 Ιουνίου 2018. Ανακτήθηκε στις 6 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018. 
  4. ↑ Andersen, Johannes Wamberg; Olena Goncharova; Stefan Huijboom (11 June 2015). «Equal rights for gays still distant dream in Ukraine». Kyiv Post. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 12 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150612034220/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/equal-rights-for-gays-still-distant-dream-in-ukraine-390865.html. 
  5. ↑ «How did Odessa's fire happen?». BBC News. 4 Μαΐου 2014. Hardline fans – known as 'ultras' – of both sides agreed to hold a joint march to support a united Ukraine.… Some were veteran supporters of Kiev's Maidan protest movement – the Maidan Self Defence Forces – and/or part of the right-wing Pravy Sektor (Rights Sector). 
  6. ↑ Короткий ідеологічно-виховний курс для ВО "Тризуб" та "Правого сектора" [Short ideologically-training course for VO "Tryzub" and "Right Sector"]. Right Sector website (στα Ουκρανικά). 27 Νοεμβρίου 2014. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 30 Νοεμβρίου 2014. 
  7. ↑ «Центральна виборча комісія України - відображення ІАС "Місцеві вибори 2015"». Central Election Commission of Ukraine. November 2015. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 13 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151113225301/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/wvm2015/pvm002pt001f01=100pt00_t001f01=100.html. Ανακτήθηκε στις 15 November 2015. 
  8. ↑ Shuster, Simon (21 February 2014). «Ukraine parliament's deal leads to an uneasy peace». Time. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 2017-10-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20171019101358/http://world.time.com/2014/02/21/ukraine-parliament-yanukovych-kiev-deal/. Ανακτήθηκε στις 2018-02-15. «Troops from Pravy Sektor then went on a reconnaissance mission … looking for things to reinforce their barricades…. One … still wore a green army helmet and a policeman's baton stuck into her backpack…. "I didn’t get into this for politics," she said. "I’m a radical. I joined up to fight."» 
  9. ↑ Shuster, Simon (4 February 2014). «Exclusive: Leader of far-right Ukrainian militant group talks revolution with TIME». Time. http://time.com/4493/ukraine-dmitri-yarosh-kiev/. «Pravy Sektor has amassed a lethal arsenal of weapons.… Its fighters control the barricades around the protest camp … and when riot police have tried to tear it down, they have been on the front lines beating them back…. [Its] ideology borders on fascism….» 
  10. ↑ McCoy, Terrence (26 March 2014). «Ultranationalist's killing underscores Ukraine's ugly divisions». Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/03/26/ultranationalists-killing-underscores-ukraines-ugly-divisions/. «Right Sector … boasts between 5,000 and 10,000 members…» 
  11. ↑ Nemtsova, Anna (19 March 2014). «Yarosh: Russians, rise up against Putin!». Newsweek. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 2014-03-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20140328092833/http://mag.newsweek.com/2014/03/28/dmitry-yarosh-ukraine-russia-crimea.html. Ανακτήθηκε στις 2018-02-15. «Yarosh: ‘I cannot give you the exact number, as our structure and divisions are constantly growing all over Ukraine, but more than 10,000 people for sure… We received some U.S. dollars from the Ukrainian diaspora.’» 
  12. ↑ Pastushenko, Andriy (10 Απριλίου 2014). Про початок Майдану і Правого Сектору (video) (Speech). Press conference. Maidan Press Center, Kiev. It began to rain, and you understand that the police were then panicking at even a single move toward setting up tents. The girls tried to unwrap the usual oilcloth, and the police immediately tore it... Volodya Stretovych, speaking from the podium, then shouted through the microphone: 'Nationalist-guys, hold the right sector, that protects the right side!' 
  13. ↑ Kramer, Andrew (12 March 2014). «A far-right leader is front and center in Kiev». New York Times: σελ. A8. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/12/world/europe/adept-at-toppling-power-right-wing-ukrainian-learns-to-wield-it.html. «Yarosh's bid for office, political commentators here say, is best understood as the latest maneuver in the ceaseless churn and infighting among the leadership of western Ukrainian nationalist groups — White Hammer, Patriots of Ukraine and the Trident of Stepan Bandera….» 
  14. ↑ Higgins, Andrew; Kramer, Andrew (21 February 2014). «Converts join with militants in Kiev clash». New York Times: σελ. A1. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/21/world/europe/protesters-join-fight-in-kiev-100-at-a-time.html. «Svoboda has at times clashed with … Right Sector, a coalition of a half-dozen hard-line nationalist groups that were once on the fringe, such as Patriots of Ukraine, Trident and White Hammer.» 
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Higgins, Andrew (8 April 2014). «Among Ukraine's Jews, the Bigger Worry Is Putin, Not Pogroms». The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/09/world/europe/ukraines-jews-dismiss-claims-of-anti-semitism.html. Ανακτήθηκε στις 23 April 2014. «"Even Right Sector, a coalition of ultranationalist and in some cases neo-Nazi organizations, has made an effort to distance itself from anti-Semitism."» 
  16. ↑ G.C. (15 February 2014). «Ukraine's protestors: Maidan on my mind». The Economist (London). https://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2014/02/ukraines-protestors. «"Some of [the Maidan] Samooborona's [Self-Defense's] more fearsome units [...] belong to the Pravyy Sektor, which formed in November as a coalition of ultra-nationalist groups. It has an estimated 500–700 members[...]"» 
  17. ↑ «Die radikale ukrainische Gruppe Rechter Sektor» (στα γερμανικά). Die Welt. 22 February 2014. https://www.welt.de/newsticker/dpa_nt/infoline_nt/thema_nt/article125103098/Die-radikale-ukrainische-Gruppe-Rechter-Sektor.html. Ανακτήθηκε στις 22 July 2016. «Right Sector (Pravy Sektor) is an informal association of right-wing and neo-fascist factions.» 
  18. ↑ Ishchenko, Volodymyr (2011). «Fighting Fences vs Fighting Monuments: Politics of Memory and Protest Mobilization in Ukraine». Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 19 (1-2). «...rightist non-partisan groups including overtly racist "autonomous nationalists" (http://reactor.org.ua) and the neo-Nazi "Patriot of Ukraine" (http://www.patriotukr.org.ua/). For the far right sector politics of memory actions comprised 29.2% of all protest actions with their participation, this was larger than the shares of social-economic, political struggle, and civic rights protest issues (Table 7)… After the notorious death of Maksym Chaika in a fight with antifascists in Odessa in April 2009, Yushchenko unambiguously supported the far right interpretation of the accident claiming the victim to be "an activist of a patriotic civic association" consciously murdered by "pro-Russia militants" ignoring Chaika's connections with rightist football hooligans and his membership in the "SICH" ("Glory and Honor") organization, a participant in the Social-Nationalist Assembly (http://sna.in.ua/) together with the neo-Nazi group "'Patriots of Ukraine.'"». 
  19. ↑ Shekhovstov, Anton (2013). «17: Para-Militarism to Radical Right-Wing Populism: The Rise of the Ukrainian Far-Right Party Svoboda.». Στο: Wodak, επιμ. Right-Wing Populism in Europe. Bloomsbury Academic. Svoboda also seems to benefit from the increasing popularity of extreme-right youth movements and organizations like the Social-National Assembly (SNA), 'Patriot of Ukraine' and Autonomous Resistance, whose aim is to create 'a uniracial and uninational society'. The activities of these groups are not limited to physical or symbolic violence against ethnic and social minorities, as they also take an active part in numerous social campaigns - generally along with representatives of Svoboda - ranging from mass protests against price rises to leafleting against alcohol and drug use. Needless to say, members of these extreme-right movements are often members of Tyahnybok's party. Interestingly, 'street combat youth movements' like the SNA no longer focus on ethnic issues: in contrast to the older Ukrainian far right, the new groups are, first and foremost, racist movements. 
  20. ↑ Katchanovski, Ivan (20 Ιουλίου 2014). «What do citizens of Ukraine actually think about secession?». WashingtonPost.com. D.C. In trying to solve the conflict in Donbas, the Ukrainian government continues to rely on … special police battalions formed with the involvement of far-right parties and organizations, such as the Right Sector and the Social National Assembly. 
  21. ↑ Andreas Umland; Anton Shekhovtsov (July 2014). «Ukraine's Radical Right». Journal of Democracy 25 (3): 59–60. doi:10.1353/jod.2014.0051. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v025/25.3.shekhovtsov.html. Ανακτήθηκε στις 21 July 2014. «Along with Svoboda, the other far-right movement that was a prominent presence on the Maidan was the more diverse, less studied, and now notorious fringe organization that calls itself Pravy Sektor (Right Sector)…. That alliance came into being in late November 2013 as a loose collection of extraparliamentary minigroups from an ultraconservative and partly neo-Nazi fringe. They had names such as the Stepan Bandera All-Ukrainian Organization "Trident" (a moniker meant to combine the memory of a controversial nationalist leader who died in 1959 with the three-pronged heraldic symbol of Ukraine), the Ukrainian National Assembly, the Social-National Assembly, and White Hammer. Their purpose in banding together was to fight Yanukovych's regime by force.». [νεκρός σύνδεσμος]
  22. ↑ «Profile: Ukraine's 'Right Sector' movement». BBC News. 21 Ιανουαρίου 2014. Ανακτήθηκε στις 22 Ιουλίου 2016. The backbone of the organisation in Kiev is formed by Russian-speaking football fans sharing nationalist views [...] Unlike other protesters [...] most of the Right Sector activists do not support the idea of joining the EU, which they consider to be an oppressor of European nations. 
  23. ↑ G.C. (22 Ιανουαρίου 2014). «Ukraine: A new and dark chapter». Economist. It was not long after that that young men associated with the Right Sector (Pravyy Sektor), a motley confederation of football hooligans and nationalist groups involved in the pro-European protests, took matters into their own hands. 
  24. ↑ Way, Lucan (July 2014). «Civil Society and Democratization». Journal of Democracy 25 (3). http://muse.jhu.edu.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v025/25.3.way.html#back. «It was only after the start of the protests that various small parties and factions of the far right joined to form Right Sector, which came to the fore in the second half of January, when protests turned violent… Democracy is most directly undermined by the numerous associations promoting violence that emerged during the protests. Such associations include the Right Sector's paramilitary formations and the "heavenly hundreds" that arose to fight the police and the pro-Russian titushki or vigilante groups created to harass protesters. Also problematic are the "ultras," groups of hardcore soccer fans that began providing protection for anti-Yanukovych protesters in January. By promoting vigilante violence outside state control, such groups directly threaten democratic development. They facilitate state breakdown and bloody patterns of aggression and retribution, making civil war much more likely.». 

Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι

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